20 孔子简介英文？ConfuciusConfucius#28Chinese：孔夫子；pinyin:KǒngFūzǐ；Wade-Giles:K#30"ung-fu-tzu#29，lit.“MasterKung，”
20 孔子简介英文？
ConfuciusC澳门金沙onfucius#28Chinese：孔夫(fū)子；pinyin:KǒngFūzǐ；Wade-Giles:K#30"ung-fu-tzu#29，lit.“MasterKung，”September28，551BC-479BC#29wasaChinesethinkerandsocialphilosopher，whoseteachingsandphilosophyhavedeeplyinfluencedChinese，Korean，Japanese，andVietnamesethoughtandlife.
Hisp澳门永利hilosophyemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality，correctnessofsocialrelationships，justiceandsincerity.ThesevaluesgainedprominenceinChinaoverotherdoctrines，suchasLegalism#28法家#29orTaoism#28道家#29duringtheHanDynasty#28206BC–220AD#29.Confucius#30"thoughtshavebeendevelopedintoasystemofphilosophyknownasConfucianism#28儒(练：rú)家#29.ItwasintroducedtoEuropebytheJesuitMatteoRicci，whowasthefirsttoLatinisethenameas“Confucius.”
HisteachingsmaybefoundintheAnalectsofConfucius#28论语[繁体：語]#29，acollectionof“briefaphoristicfragments”，whichwascompiledmanyyearsafterhisdeath.ModernhistoriansdonotbelievethatanyspecificdocumentscanbesaidtohavebeenwrittenbyConfucius，butfornearly2，000yearshewasthoughttobetheeditororauthorofalltheFiveClassicssuchastheClassicofRites#28editor#29，andtheSpringandAutumnAnnals#28春《pinyin：chūn》秋#29#28author#29.
T澳门银河heAnalectsofConfucius论语【练：yǔ】
IntheAnalects，Confuciuspresentshimselfasa“transmitterwhoinventednothing”.Heputthegreatestemphasisontheimportanceofstudy，anditistheChinesecharacterforstudy#28orlearning#29thatopensthetext.Inthisrespect，heisseenbyChinesepeopleastheGreatestMaster.Farfromtryingtobuildasystematictheoryoflifeandsocietyorestablishaformalismofrites，hewantedhisdisciplestothinkdeeplyforthemselvesandrelentlesslystudytheoutsideworld，mostlythroughtheoldscripturesandbyrelatingthemoralproblemsofthepresenttopastpoliticalevents#28liketheAnnals#29orpastexpressionsoffeelingsbycommonpeopleandreflectivemembersoftheelite#28preservedinthepoemsoftheBookofOdes#29.
Intimesofdivision，chaos，andendlesswarsbetweenfeudalstates，hewantedtorestoretheMandateofHeaven“天[练：tiān]命mìng ”thatcouldunifythe“world”#28i.e.China#29andbestowpeaceandprosperityonthepeople.Becausehisvisionofpersonalandsocialperfectionswasframedasarevivaloftheorderedsocietyofearliertimes。Confuciusisoftenconsideredagreatproponentofconservatism。butacloserlookatwhatheproposesoftenshowsthatheused#28andperhapstwisted#29pastinstitutionsandritestopushanewpoliticalagendaofhisown:arevivalofaunifiedroyalstate，whoserulerswouldsucceedtopoweronthebasisoftheirmoralmerit，nottheirparentage；thesewouldberulersdevotedtotheirpeople，reachingforpersonalandsocialperfection.Sucharulerwouldspreadhisownvirtuestothepeopleinsteadofimposingproperbehaviorwithlawsandrules.
OneofthedeepestteachingsofConfuciusmayhavebeenthesuperiorityofpersonalexemplificationoverexplicitrulesofbehavior.Becausehismoralteachingsemphasiseself-cultivation，emulationofmoralexemplars，andtheattainmentofskilledjudgmentratherthanknowledgeofrules，Confucius#30"sethicsmaybeconsideredatypeofvirtueethics.Histeachingsrarelyrelyonreasonedargument，andethicalidealsandmethodsareconveyedmoreindirectly，throughallusions，innuendo，andeventautology.Thisiswhyhisteachingsneedtobeexaminedandputintopropercontextinordertobeunderstood.Agoodexampleisfoundinthisfamousanecdote:
厩焚。子退《拼音：tu娱乐城ì》朝，曰：“伤人乎？”不问马。
AnalectsX.11，tr.A.Waley
Thepassageconveysthelessonthatbynotaskingaboutthehorses，ConfuciusdemonstratedthatasagevalueshumanbeingsoverpropertyreadersofthislessonareledtoreflectonwhethertheirresponsewouldfollowConfucius#30"s，andtopursueethicalself-improvementifitwouldnot.Confucius，anexemplarofhumanexcellence，servesastheultimatemodel，ratherthanadeityorauniversallytruesetofabstractprinciples.Forthesereasons，accordingtomanyEasternandWesterncommentators，Confucius#30"steachingmaybeconsideredaChineseexampleofhumanism.
PerhapshismostfamousteachingwastheGoldenRulestatedinthenegativeform，oftencalledthesilverrule:
子贡(繁：貢)问曰、有一yī 言、而可以终身行之者乎。子曰、其恕乎、己所不欲、勿施於人。
AdeptKungasked:“Isthereanyonewordthatcouldguideapersonthroughoutlife？”
TheMasterreplied:“Howabout#30"shu#30":neverimposeonotherswhatyouwouldnotchooseforyourself？”
AnalectsXV.24，tr.DavidHinton
Confucius#30"steachingswerelaterturnedintoaveryelaboratesetofrulesandpracticesbyhisnumerousdisciplesandfollowerswhoorganisedhisteachingsintotheAnalects.Inthecenturiesafterhisdeath，MenciusandXunZibothcomposedimportantteachingselaboratingindifferentwaysonthefundamentalideasassociatedwithConfucius.Intime，thesewritings，togetherwiththeAnalectsandothercoretextscametoconstitutethephilosophicalcorpusknownintheWestasConfucianism.Aftermorethanathousandyears，thescholarZhuXicreatedaverydifferentinterpretationofConfucianismwhichisnowcalledNeo-Confucianism，todistinguishitfromtheideasexpressedintheAnalects.Neo-ConfucianismheldswayinChinaandVietnamuntilthe1800s.
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孔子生平中《拼音：zhōng》英翻译 20 孔子简介英文？转载请注明出处来源
